Tokorua ngā kaihanga i huri i tētahi whakamātautau kore angitu hei hua tino rongonui, ā, i tino huri ai te umanga kaipuke.
I a Howard Fielding taitamariki e pupuri ana i te mea hou a tōna pāpā, kāore ia i te mōhio ko tana mahi i muri mai ka waiho ia hei kaihanga auaha. I roto i tōna ringa he pepa kirihou kua kapi i ngā mirumiru kī tonu i te hau. I a ia e whakahaere ana i te kiriata rorirori i ōna maihao, kāore i taea e ia te ātete i te whakamatautauranga: ka tīmata ia ki te pupuhi i ngā mirumiru – pērā i te mahi a te ao mai i taua wā.
Nō reira, ko Fielding, e rima tau te pakeke i taua wā, ko ia te tangata tuatahi ki te pupuhi i te takai mirumiru hei whakangahau noa iho. Nā tēnei mahi auaha i huri te umanga kaipuke, i arahi i te ao o te hokohoko ipurangi, ā, i tiaki i ngā piriona taonga e tukuna ana puta noa i te ao i ia tau.
"E maumahara ana ahau ki te titiro atu ki ēnei mea, ā, ko taku hiahia kia pēhia," te kī a Fielding. "I mea ahau ko au te tuatahi ki te whakatuwhera i te takai mirumiru, engari e tino mōhio ana ahau ehara tēnā i te pono. Ko ngā pakeke o te kamupene o tōku pāpā pea i mahi i tēnei hei whakarite i te kounga. Engari ko au pea te tamaiti tuatahi."
I kata ia, "He tino ngahau te pupuhi i a rātou. I taua wā he nui ake ngā mirumiru, nō reira he nui te haruru."
Nā te matua o Fielding, a Alfred, i hanga te takai mirumiru me tana hoa pakihi, te matū matū o Huiterangi, a Marc Chavannes. I te tau 1957, i ngana rātou ki te hanga i tētahi pepapātū kakano e rata ai te "Reanga Beat" hou. I whakamaua e rātou ētahi arai kaukau kirihou e rua mā roto i tētahi hiri wera, ā, i te tuatahi i pouri rātou ki te hua: he kiriata me ngā mirumiru i roto.
Heoi, kāore ngā kaihanga i whakakahore katoa i tā rātou korenga. I whiwhi rātou i te tuatahi o ngā mana pateni maha mō ngā tukanga me ngā taputapu mō te whakairo me te whakarārangi rauemi, kātahi ka tīmata te whakaaro mō ā rātou whakamahinga: neke atu i te 400. Ko tētahi o aua mea – te whakamarumaru whare kati kōtuhi – i tangohia mai i te papa tuhi, engari i te mutunga he angitu pērā i te pepapātū kakano. I whakamatautauria te hua i roto i te whare kati kōtuhi, ā, i kitea kāore i whai hua.
Hei whakawhanake tonu i tā rātou hua rerekē, i whakatūria e te waitohu Bubble Wrap, a Fielding and Chavannes, a Sealed Air Corp. i te tau 1960. I te tau i muri mai ka whakatau rātou ki te whakamahi hei rauemi tākai, ā, ka angitu rātou. Nō nā tata nei i whakaurua mai e IBM te 1401 (e kiia ana he Tauira T i roto i te umanga rorohiko) ā, i hiahiatia he huarahi hei tiaki i ngā taputapu pakarukaru i te wā e tukuna ana. E ai ki te kōrero, ko te toenga he hītori.
"Koinei te whakautu a IBM ki tētahi raruraru," te kī a Chad Stevens, te tumuaki tuarua o te auahatanga me te miihini mō te rōpū ratonga hua a Sealed Air. "Ka taea e rātou te tuku atu i ngā rorohiko kia ora, kia ora. Nā tēnei kua huaki te kuaha mō te maha atu o ngā pakihi ki te tīmata ki te whakamahi i te takai mirumiru."
I tere te tango a ngā kamupene takai iti i te hangarau hou. Ki a rātou, he taonga tuku iho te takai mirumiru. I ngā wā o mua, ko te huarahi pai ki te tiaki i ngā taonga i te wā e kawe ana ko te takai i roto i te niupepa pakarukaru. He paru tēnei nā te mea ka mimiti te waituhi o ngā niupepa tawhito i te hua me te hunga e mahi ana. Heoi anō, kāore e tino tiaki i te hua.
I te piki haere o te rongonui o te takai mirumiru, ka tīmata te whanaketanga o te Sealed Air. He rerekē te āhua, te rahi, te kaha me te matotoru o te hua hei whakawhānui ake i te whānuitanga o ngā whakamahinga: ngā mirumiru nui me ngā mirumiru iti, ngā pepa whānui me ngā pepa poto, ngā rōra nui me ngā rōra poto. I taua wā tonu, he tokomaha ake te hunga e kite ana i te harikoa o te whakatuwhera i aua pute kī tonu i te hau (tae atu ki a Stevens e whakaae ana he "whakamamae ahotea").
Heoi, kāore anō kia puta he hua mō te kamupene. I noho a TJ Dermot Dunphy hei Tumu Whakahaere Matua i te tau 1971. Nāna i āwhina te tipu o ngā hoko ā-tau a te kamupene mai i te $5 miriona i tōna tau tuatahi ki te $3 piriona i tōna wehenga atu i te kamupene i te tau 2000.
"He matakite a Marc Chavannes, ā, he miihini tino pai a Al Fielding," te kī a Dunphy, 86 tau te pakeke, e mahi tonu ana i ia rā i tana kamupene haumi me te whakahaere tūmataiti, a Kildare Enterprises. "Engari kāore tetahi o rāua i hiahia ki te whakahaere i te kamupene. Ko tā rāua noa he mahi i tā rāua mahi hou."
He kaipakihi a Dunphy, ā, i āwhina ia i a Sealed Air ki te whakaū i ana mahi me te whakawhānui i tana turanga hua. I whakawhānui ake ia i te waitohu ki roto i te umanga puna kaukau. Kua tino rongonui ngā taupoki puna kaukau mirumiru i ngā tau tata nei. He nui ngā putunga hau o te taupoki e āwhina ana ki te hopu i ngā hihi o te rā me te pupuri i te wera, kia noho mahana ai te wai puna kaukau me te kore e pakū ngā mirumiru hau. I te mutunga ka hokona e te kamupene te raina.
I tere te tohu a te wahine a Howard Fielding, a Barbara Hampton, he tohunga mōhiohio mana pateni, me pēhea te āhei o ngā mana pateni i tōna hungawai me tana hoa ki te mahi i tā rāua mahi. I te katoa, e ono ngā mana pateni i riro i a rāua mō te takai mirumiru, ko te nuinga o ēnei i pā ki te tukanga whakairo me te whakarārangi kirihou, me ngā taputapu e tika ana. Inaa, i mua, i riro i a Marc Chavannes ngā mana pateni e rua mō ngā kiriata kirihou wera, engari kāore pea i roto i tana hinengaro ngā mirumiru pahū i taua wā. "Ka whakaratohia e ngā mana pateni he whai wāhitanga mō ngā tāngata auaha kia utua mō ā rātou whakaaro," te kī a Hampton.
I ēnei rā, ko Sealed Air tētahi kamupene Fortune 500, ā, i te tau 2017, e $4.5 piriona ngā hoko, 15,000 ngā kaimahi, ā, e mahi ana ki ngā kiritaki i roto i ngā whenua 122. I ahu mai i New Jersey i te tīmatanga, i nekehia e te kamupene tōna tari matua ki North Carolina i te tau 2016. He maha ngā momo hua e hangaia ana e te kamupene, e hokona ana hoki, tae atu ki a Cryovac, he kirihou angiangi e whakamahia ana hei tākai i ngā kai me ētahi atu hua. Ka tukuna anō hoki e Sealed Air he tākai mirumiru kore hau mō te tuku iti iho i te utu ki ngā kiritaki.
"He putanga pupuhi tēnei," te kī a Stevens. "Engari mō ngā rōra hau nunui, ka hokona e mātou ngā rōra kiriata kua takai pūmau me te tikanga e tāpiri ana i te hau ina hiahiatia. He nui ake te whai hua."
© 2024 Smithsonian Magazines Tauākī Tūmataitinga Kaupapahere Pihikete Ngā Ture Whakamahi Tauākī Pānui Ō Tūmataitinga Tautuhinga Pihikete
Wā tuku: Oketopa-05-2024